Dent-de-lion: The Dandelion in Medieval Cuisine
~Ralph Waldo Emerson

Family: Asteraceae
Usage: Culinary, Medicinal
Whether known as blowball, lion's tooth, cankerwort, or wild endive, the dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has long been prized for both its culinary and medicinal virtues. References to its use appear in Arabic, Greek, Welsh, and French sources. Europeans brought dandelions to North America deliberately—likely as early as the Pilgrims—for use as a potherb and bee forage.
Historical texts show the dandelion’s importance across centuries:
- 1562 – Bullein’s Bulwarke: Dandelions mixed with roses and vinegar helped cool the head and purged excess heat.
- 1587 – The Good Husvvifes Iewell: Included dandelion roots in a tonic for tissick (lung ailments).
- 1629 – Parkinson’s Paradisi in Sole: Notes the dandelion’s use in compound medicines for cleansing the blood and easing liver complaints.
Medieval people consumed a far wider variety of greens than we do today. Dandelion leaves appeared in salads and cooked greens, and the yellow flowers may have served as a natural coloring agent.
Buttered Wortes (Harleian MS. 279)
Original Recipe: “Take al maner of good herbes that thou may gete... putte hem on fire with faire water; put þer-to clarefied buttur a grete quantite. Whan thei ben boyled ynogh, salt hem... Dise brede small in disshes, and powr on the wortes, and serue hem forth.”
Interpreted Recipe (Serves 8)
- 8 cups assorted greens (including dandelion, spinach, beet greens, kale)
- Several sprigs of fresh herbs (e.g., thyme, parsley, mint)
- 2 tbsp clarified butter
- 1 tsp salt
- 2 thick slices of bread, cubed
Boil greens and herbs for 5–10 minutes. Drain and press out water. Chop finely. Return to pot, add butter and salt, and heat through. Serve over cubed bread or vice versa.
Bonus Recipe: Joutes – Braised Spring Greens with Bacon
See also: Harleian MS 279 Joutes (~1430)
References & Resources
- Austin, T. Two fifteenth-century cookery-books. Harleian MS. 279 (ab. 1430)
- Beard, J. (1981). Beard on Food: Dandelions Left Home to Make Good. Los Angeles Times, K38.
- The Booke of Simples, 1562. Bulleins Bulwarke.
- The Good Husvvifes Iewell, 1587.
- Parkinson, J. (1629). Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris.
- Rubel, W. (2015). The History of the Garden Dandelion. williamrubel.com
- Ombrello, T. Dandelion, Plant of the Week, UCC Biology Dept.
⚠️ Reminder:
Always harvest dandelions from areas that are free from pesticides and herbicides. For food safety, ensure flowers and greens are from clean, untreated sources.
Originally published 5/22/2015. Updated with new historical references and interpretation on 7/3/2025.