The foure lesser hotte séedes, ammi, amomum, smallage, yelow carrots.
Caveat: The information provided is for historical knowledge only. These pages were created by a student of natural medicines and are provided as a comparative between modern usage and medieval usage. Do not gather or use wild plants/herbs if you cannot positively identify them and never use them without first consulting a physician.
A nievve herball, or historie of plantes wherin is contayned the vvhole discourse and perfect description of all sortes of herbes and plantes: their diuers [and] sundry kindes: their straunge figures, fashions, and shapes: their names, natures, operations, and vertues: and that not onely of those whiche are here growyng in this our countrie of Englande, but of all others also of forrayne realmes, commonly vsed in physicke. First set foorth in the Doutche or Almaigne tongue, by that learned D. Rembert Dodoens, physition to the Emperour: and nowe first translated out of French into English, by Henry Lyte Esquyer.
[Imprinted at London: By [S. Mierdman for] John Day and Wyllyam Seres, dwellynge in Sepulchres Parish at the signe of the Resurrection a litle aboue Holbourne Conduite, [1548]]
Ami is called in englishe amy, of the poticaries ammeos, it groweth not in Englande, it groweth in many gardines in Ita∣ly and in Germany. It is hote and dry in the thirde degree.
A nievve herball, or historie of plantes wherin is contayned the vvhole discourse and perfect description of all sortes of herbes and plantes: their diuers [and] sundry kindes: their straunge figures, fashions, and shapes: their names, natures, operations, and vertues: and that not onely of those whiche are here growyng in this our countrie of Englande, but of all others also of forrayne realmes, commonly vsed in physicke. First set foorth in the Doutche or Almaigne tongue, by that learned D. Rembert Dodoens, physition to the Emperour: and nowe first translated out of French into English, by Henry Lyte Esquyer.
De Apio. Smalache or stammarche. Cap. viii: (The grete herball )
THere be dyuers maners of Apium or Smalache as shall be shewed here after /but we speake of the comune. Fyrst it is hote in the begynnynge of the thyrde degre /and drye in the myddes of the same. It is a comune herbe the sede therof is moost of vertue the rote is nexte and than the leues. And therfore whan it is founde in receptes. Recipi apij that is take smalache without addycyon. >< >< >< >< >< >< >< >< >< >< >< >< >< ><
Of Carrottes. Chap. xxxviij.
[ 1] THere be three sortes of Carrottes, yellowe and red, whereof two be tame and of the garden, the thirde is wilde growing of it selfe.
❀ The Description.
THe Yellow Carrot hath darke greene leaues, al cut and hackt, almost like the leaues of Cheruil, but a great deale browner, larger, stronger, and smaller cut. The stemmes be rounde, rough without, and hollowe
Staphilinus syluestris. Wilde Carrot.within: at the highest of the stems growe great shadowie tuftes, or spokie toppes, with white flowers, & after them rough seede, in proportion not muche vnlike An∣nys seede. The roote is thicke and long, yellowe both without and within, and is vsed to be eaten in meates.
[ 2] The red Carrot is lyke to the afore∣sayde in the cuttes of his leaues, and in stalkes, flowers, and seede. The roote is lykewise long and thicke, but of a purple red colour both within and without.
[ 3] The wilde is not much vnlyke the gar∣den Carrot, in leaues, stalkes, & flowers. sauing the leaues be a little rougher, and not so much cut or iagged, & in the middle of the flowrie tuftes, amongst the white flowers groweth one or two little purple markes or speckes. The seede is rougher, and the roote smaller and harder then the other Carrottes.
❀ The Place.
[ 3] The wilde groweth in the borders of feeldes, by high wayes and pathes, and in rough vntoyled places.
❀ The Tyme.
Carrotes doo flower in Iune and Iuly, and their seede is rype in August.
¶ The Names.
Carrottes are called in Greeke καρότο: and in Latine Pastinacae.
[ 1] The first kinde is called Pastinaca satiua: of the later writers, Staphilinus Luteus: in high Douche, Zam Pastiney, Zam Pastinachen, and Geel Ruben: in French, Pastinade iaulne: in base Almaigne, Geel Peen, Pooten, and Geel wortelen: in Englishe, Yellowe Carrottes,
[ 2] The second kinde is also Staphilinus satiuus, and is called Staphilinus niger: in Frenche, Pastenade rouge: in high Douch, Rot Pastiny: in base Almaigne, Ca∣roten: in English, Red Carrottes.
And these two garden Carrottes are in sight lyke Daucus, described by Theophraste lib. ix. Chap. xv. and lyke to the herbe whiche Galen in his syxth booke of Symples nameth Daucus Pastinaca.
[ 3] The wilde kinde is called in Greeke γαμπρός (?) : in Latine, Pastinaca syluestris: in Shoppes, Daucus, as we haue declared in the seconde booke, of some it is also named Pastinaca rustica, Carota, Babyron, and Sicha: in Frenche, Des Panaz, or Pastenade sauuage. in high Douche, Wild Pastnach, or wild Paste∣ney, and Vogelnest: in base Almaigne, Vogels nest, and Croonkens cruyt: in Englishe, Wilde Carrot.
❀ The Nature.
The roote of Carrottes is temperate in heate and drynesse. The seede ther∣of, especially of the wilde kinde is hoate and drie in the second degree.
❀ The Vertues.
[ A] Carrot rootes eaten in meates, nourishe indifferently well, and bycause it is somewhat aromaticall or of a spicelyke taste, it warmeth the inward partes, being eaten moderately: for when it is to muche and to often vsed, it engen∣dreth euill blood.
[ B] The rootes of Carrottes, especially of the wilde kinde, taken in what sorte soeuer it be, prouoke vrine, and the worke of veneri. And therefore Orpheus writeth, that this roote hath power to encrease loue.
[ C] Carrot rootes made into powder, and dronken with Meade or honied wa∣ter open the stoppinges of the liuer, the melt or splene, the kidneyes & raines, and are good against the Iaunders and grauel.
[ D] The seede of wilde Carrot prouoketh womens flowers, and is very good agaynst the suffocation and stiflinges of the Matrix, being dronken in wine, or layde to outwardly in manner of a pessarie or mother suppositorie.
[ E] It prouoketh vrine, and casteth foorth grauel, and is very good agaynst the strangurie, and Dropsie, and for suche as haue payne in the syde, the belly and raynes.
[ F] It is good against all venome, and agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes.
[ G] Some men write, that it maketh the women fruitfull that vse often to eate of the seede thereof.
[ H] The greene leaues of Carrottes brused with hony and layde to, doo clense and mundifie vncleane and fretting sores.
[ I] The seede of the garden Carrot, is in vertue lyke to the wilde Carrot, but nothing so strong, but the roote of the garden Carrot, is more conuenient and better to be eaten
De Dauco. Dawke. Ca. C.xliii. ((The grete herball )
DAucus Dawke is hote and drye in the thyrde degre it is a comyn herbe and hath a large floure & in the myd¦dle therof a lytel red pricke It groweth in drye places agaynst dyches and pyttes and hath two sortes one is called daucus creticus bycau¦se it groweth in Crete. The other is called daucus asininus bycause asses and other beestes ette it. Daucus creticus is best but bycause it is not moche founde here the other is vsed in stede of it. The moostvertue is in the floure and the herbe for ye rote is nought it ought to be gadred whā it bereth floures. The rote must be cast away and the herbe hanged in a shadowed place to drye. It kepeth good one yere. It hath vertue to sprede to waste and to dymysshe humours by the qualytees & hath vertue dyurytyke by the subtylyte of the substaunce.
Warning: Take great care when collecting D. carota ssp. carota. To an untrained eye it can appear very similar to the deadly poisonous hemlock (Conium maculatum), water hemlock (Cicuta maculata) and fool's parsley (Aethusa cynapium). When young the stems of D. carota ssp. carota are covered in small hairs, where the stems of Conium maculatum are hairless and often covered in purple blotches. The herb should not be given to pregnant women.
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